Аннотация: Право государства на использование силы в международном праве один из самых сложных и запутанных вопросов. Так, несмотря на то, что общий запрет на использование силы изложен в статье 2 (4) Устава ООН и имеет закрытый список исключений, в международном праве не утихают дебаты не только о пределах данных исключений и их толковании, но и о существовании иных, не изложенных в Уставе оснований, как например защита сограждан. Очевидно, что нормы об использовании силы в международном праве должны истолковываться исходя из тех вызовов, который в настоящее время стоят перед мировым сообществом для обеспечения их максимально эффективного и легитимного решения в рамках текущего мирового правопорядка. Так в настоящей статье рассмотрен вопрос о возможности экстерриториального использования силы против негосударственного актора. В рамках исследования автор рассматривает нормы о применении силы государствами в динамике, начиная со сформировавшейся послевоенной системы, которая достигла своего полного оформления в конце 20-го века, и затем рассматривая развитие института применения силы в 21-веке, который претерпел серьезное изменение после возникновения угрозы глобального терроризма и терактов 11 сентября. Автор приходит к вводу, о том, что несмотря на то, что до Второй мировой войны право на самооборону против негосударственного актора не было чем-то уникальным, после установления нового международного порядка на него было наложено табу. Однако в отличие от прошлого века, сегодняшнее международное право не препятствует использованию силы против негосударственного актора, находящегося за пределами территории государства-жертвы.
Ключевые слова: экстерриториальное использование силы, самооборона, негосударственные акторы, использование силы, право на самооборону, право международной безопасности, международное право, борьба с терроризмом, терроризм, международный терроризм
Библиография:
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Case concerning Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America) (Oil Platforms case) , Judgment of 6 Nov. 2003, [2003] ICJ Rep 161, dissenting opinion of Judge Elaraby
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Bowett D. Reprisals Involving Recourse to Armed Force // American Journal of International Law. 1972,vol.66. pp.1-36
Arntz J. Der Begriff der Friedensbedrohung in Satzung und Praxis der Vereinten Nationen. Berlin.1975. P.198
Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo , Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda (DRC– Uganda case) 19 December 2005, ICJ Rep 201