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Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations
Правильная ссылка на статью:

Саврыга К.П. Экстерриториальное использование силы против негосударственных акторов в международном праве

Аннотация: Право государства на использование силы в международном праве один из самых сложных и запутанных вопросов. Так, несмотря на то, что общий запрет на использование силы изложен в статье 2 (4) Устава ООН и имеет закрытый список исключений, в международном праве не утихают дебаты не только о пределах данных исключений и их толковании, но и о существовании иных, не изложенных в Уставе оснований, как например защита сограждан. Очевидно, что нормы об использовании силы в международном праве должны истолковываться исходя из тех вызовов, который в настоящее время стоят перед мировым сообществом для обеспечения их максимально эффективного и легитимного решения в рамках текущего мирового правопорядка. Так в настоящей статье рассмотрен вопрос о возможности экстерриториального использования силы против негосударственного актора. В рамках исследования автор рассматривает нормы о применении силы государствами в динамике, начиная со сформировавшейся послевоенной системы, которая достигла своего полного оформления в конце 20-го века, и затем рассматривая развитие института применения силы в 21-веке, который претерпел серьезное изменение после возникновения угрозы глобального терроризма и терактов 11 сентября. Автор приходит к вводу, о том, что несмотря на то, что до Второй мировой войны право на самооборону против негосударственного актора не было чем-то уникальным, после установления нового международного порядка на него было наложено табу. Однако в отличие от прошлого века, сегодняшнее международное право не препятствует использованию силы против негосударственного актора, находящегося за пределами территории государства-жертвы.


Ключевые слова:

экстерриториальное использование силы, самооборона, негосударственные акторы, использование силы, право на самооборону, право международной безопасности, международное право, борьба с терроризмом, терроризм, международный терроризм

Abstract: Right of states to use force in international law is one of the most controversial and important question in public international law. Despite the general prohibition on use of force expressed in the Article 2 (4) of the UN Charter, there are many disputes about the actual scope of the prohibition and possible justification. It is obvious that the legal rules must adapt to the contemporary challenges faced by international community to provide convenient and legitimate solution which would not contradict the current international legal order. In this article the author considers the question of extraterritorial use of force against non-state actors. Analyzing legal norms and doctrinal position that has fully developed by the end of the XX century and their development after the events of September 11 and threat of global terror faced by international community, author comes to the conclusion that the current legal norms and legal doctrine recognize the right of states to use force extraterritorially against non-state actors.  


Keywords:

war on terror, terrorism, extraterritorial use of force, self-defence in international law, non-state actors, use of force, right to self-defence, international security law, international law, international terrorism


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Библиография
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